Monday, April 15, 2013

How the Gospel Shapes Our Relationships with Those in Authority: 1 Timothy 5:17-6:2


Authority is everywhere that we turn.  Whether it’s in the home, in the workplace, in the government, or even in the church, nearly every sphere in which we live finds us under the authority of someone.  I believe that one of the reasons that authority is so woven into the fabric of God’s universe is because God wants us to understand how to relate to His authority.  He is the Lord of Lord and the King of Kings, so understanding how to live under authority is one of the most important principles in His world. 
I bring up the subject of authority because as we continue to make our way through 1 Timothy 5:1-6:2 (where Paul instructed Timothy on how the gospel should shape various relationships we have as believers), we’re going to see in verses 5:17-6:2 how the gospel calls us to honor those in authority both inside and outside of the church.  My prayer again today is that God would use this passage to cause us to ask for grace to relate to one another in ways that are in accordance with the gospel. 
 [17] Let the elders who rule well be considered worthy of double honor, especially those who labor in preaching and teaching. [18] For the Scripture says, “You shall not muzzle an ox when it treads out the grain,” and, “The laborer deserves his wages.” [19] Do not admit a charge against an elder except on the evidence of two or three witnesses. [20] As for those who persist in sin, rebuke them in the presence of all, so that the rest may stand in fear. [21] In the presence of God and of Christ Jesus and of the elect angels I charge you to keep these rules without prejudging, doing nothing from partiality. [22] Do not be hasty in the laying on of hands, nor take part in the sins of others; keep yourself pure. [23] (No longer drink only water, but use a little wine for the sake of your stomach and your frequent ailments.) [24] The sins of some people are conspicuous, going before them to judgment, but the sins of others appear later. [25] So also good works are conspicuous, and even those that are not cannot remain hidden.
[6:1] Let all who are under a yoke as bondservants regard their own masters as worthy of all honor, so that the name of God and the teaching may not be reviled. [2] Those who have believing masters must not be disrespectful on the ground that they are brothers; rather they must serve all the better since those who benefit by their good service are believers and beloved.  Teach and urge these things. (1 Timothy 5:17-6:2 ESV)

     I.         Honoring Authority Inside the Church (5:17-25): Elders

 “Honor” is a key word in this section (see 5:3,17; 6:1).  As we said last week, it means respect, care, and also financial support in some cases.  In verses 17-25, Paul describes what it means to honor those who are in authority inside the church.  He begins by saying that “elders who rule well” should be counted worthy of “double honor.”  “Elder” is one of three words (elder, pastor, overseer) that are used interchangeably (Acts 20:28, 1 Peter 5:1-2) in the New Testament to describe the primary leadership of the church.  They normally existed in plurality and their leadership involved “ruling” and “preaching and teaching.”
The first way that Paul says these leaders are to be honored is by supporting them (17-18).  By “double honor,” Paul means that elders should be paid both respect and financial support.  He says that this is especially important for the elders who “labor in preaching and teaching.”  Apparently some elders will be more prominent as teachers in the group.  Paul gives two quotations here in support of this command, one from the Old Testament (Deut. 25:4) and one from the New Testament (Luke 10:7).  The basic principle is that someone who works at something should be able to benefit from it, just like a chef should be able to snack while their cooking! 
After describing how we are to honor elders in supporting them (17-18), Paul then describes how we are to honor elders in correcting them (19-21).  Timothy is told not to admit a charge against an elder unless the evidence of “two or three witnesses” verifies it, but that if there is evidence and the person persists in sin, they are to be publically rebuked.  This is meant to protect the person who is pastor and the position of pastor.  It first protects the pastor and church leaders from malicious and unsubstantiated claims.  But it also protects the position of pastor from being occupied by unrepentant men.  God does not take accusations against pastors lightly.  And because God does not take the accusations lightly, elders who persist in sin are to be publically rebuked.  This could possibly imply that the more public a sin is, the more public a response it demands, with the goal being to instill the fear of the Lord in the congregation.  Timothy is solemnly charged to do this “without prejudging” or “showing partiality.”  Disqualifying sins on the part of an elder are not to be covered up, no matter how popular or influential they are. 
Next, Paul moves to describe how to honor elders in selecting them (22-25).  A church must not be “hasty” in selecting and ordaining elders.  Otherwise they may find out too late that someone is unqualified.  This is why Paul would say that leaders should be tested first (3:10).  As He says in verses 24-25, some people’s sins are obvious, allowing you to make a judgment about them ahead of time, but the sins of some leaders appear later.  The same is true for good works.  As one commentator said, “Time and truth go hand in hand.” [1] Time, testing, and patience in selecting leaders avoids two tragedies: (1) It helps the church to avoid ordaining an unqualified person and (2) also to not miss out on a qualified person.  There is also an indication here that being hasty in selecting church leaders actually makes one a partaker of their sins (22).
Now before moving on, let’s deal with verse 23.  Timothy is encouraged to drink a little wine for his stomach trouble and other frequent ailments.  This prescription for drinking wine here is strictly medicinal, and that makes this neither a commendation nor a condemnation of drinking in and of itself.  Drinking was apparently a problem among the false teachers, for which reason Timothy had probably been abstaining.  Because of the health problems associated with his abstinence, Paul told him to drink some wine. 
This passage calls us to honor both the person and the position of pastor.  Those who are faithful pastors should receive the double honor of respect and financial assistance.  Also, we should respect those men enough to watch what we say about them and to squash any unwarranted accusation against them.  However, because we honor the position of elder in the church, we must not ignore pastors who persist in sin and we must not allow people to occupy these roles who are not qualified, not matter how gifted or popular they are.  This way we give both the person and the position appropriate honor.  I would encourage you to honor your pastors this week with a letter, an email, or a phone call, just letting them know that you appreciate them and are praying for them.  Also, you would do me a great honor by bringing to my attention any sinful behavior that you ever detect.  I’ll never be a perfect pastor, but I constantly ask the Lord for grace to be a humble and a faithful one. 

   II.         Honoring Authority Outside the Church (6:1-2): Masters

Paul now turns to honoring authority outside the church by dealing specifically with the relationship between slaves and masters that was prominent in the first century world.  It is important to understand before diving in that Paul’s instruction to slaves and masters is not an endorsement or an approval of slavery.  He simply had a bigger agenda than a person’s individual rights.  Like it or not, slavery was a major reality in the first century world.  “Some historians have estimated that half of the population of the Roman Empire was composed of slaves.”[2]  Paul’s concern in such a world was ultimately the glory of God and the credibility of the gospel among unbelievers.  Also, the slave/master relationship in the first century didn’t carry the racial connotations that it does now.  Many people became slaves voluntarily in order to secure more economic stability.  Essentially, first-century slaves resembled the indentured servants of the American colonial period. In many cases, slaves were better off than day-laborers, since much of their food, clothing, and shelter was provided. The system of slavery served as the economic structure in the Roman world, and the master-slave relationship closely parallels the twentieth-century employer-employee relationship.”[3]
Since Paul’s concern was ultimately God’s glory and the gospel’s credibility among the unbelievers, Paul instructed believers who were slaves to regard their masters as worthy of “all honor.”  Paul says this honor should be given, even to unbelieving masters.  Again, the reason for this is so that “the name of God and the teaching may not be reviled.”  Those who have believing masters (6:2) should not take advantage of their relationship with their brother either.  They should rather work all the harder since it is their brother whom they love that is being benefited by their service.
The Old Testament story of Joseph is one of my favorite examples of faithful servant hood.  As both a prisoner and a slave, Joseph honored his masters and worked hard.  As a slave, he chose to honor the Lord by honoring his master and tried to be the best slave that Egypt had ever seen.  As a prisoner, he chose to honor the Lord by honoring his master and tried to be the best prisoner that Egypt had ever seen. 
We see this same instruction elsewhere in the New Testament.  Ephesians 6:5-9: [5] Bondservants, obey your earthly masters with fear and trembling, with a sincere heart, as you would Christ, [6] not by the way of eye-service, as people-pleasers, but as bondservants of Christ, doing the will of God from the heart, [7] rendering service with a good will as to the Lord and not to man, [8] knowing that whatever good anyone does, this he will receive back from the Lord, whether he is a bondservant or is free. [9] Masters, do the same to them, and stop your threatening, knowing that he who is both their Master and yours is in heaven, and that there is no partiality with him.
Colossians 3:22-4:1: [22] Bondservants, obey in everything those who are your earthly masters, not by way of eye-service, as people-pleasers, but with sincerity of heart, fearing the Lord. [23] Whatever you do, work heartily, as for the Lord and not for men, [24] knowing that from the Lord you will receive the inheritance as your reward. You are serving the Lord Christ. [25] For the wrongdoer will be paid back for the wrong he has done, and there is no partiality. [4:1] Masters, treat your bondservants justly and fairly, knowing that you also have a Master in heaven.  Believers should be known for being the hardest working people in the workforce.  They should be known for honoring their employers, their teachers, their politicians, etc.  How are you doing with honoring those who are in authority both in and out of the church? 
There is a reason we have such a problem with authority.  It is because we are sinners to the core.  We have rebellion written all over our hearts.  It started in the Garden of Eden when Adam and Eve chose to rebel against God’s authority and we have followed in their footsteps step for step.  God will judge rebellion in His world, but He has also made a way for rebels to be reconciled to Him.  He sent His Son Jesus Christ into the world, and He lived His entire life in submission to God and the authorities that God had placed in the world.  This was to earn substitute righteousness for us.  He then died on the cross, bearing the punishment for our rebellion.  God showed the universe that He had accepted the payment by raising Jesus from the dead on the third day.  Now people who have rebellion written on their hearts can get new hearts through faith in Jesus and can learn to live under God’s authority as they were created to do.  And living under God’s authority is not drudgery; it is a life of joy, hope, peace, and safety for eternity.  That’s why people like the apostle Paul would gladly call themselves slaves of Christ, because there is no greater joy or privilege than to belong to Jesus! 


[1] MacArthur Study Bible Notes
[2] Warren Wiersbe, Be Faithful, 90
[3] MacArthur Study Bible Notes

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