Tuesday, December 2, 2014

Exodus 20:12: The Fifth Commandment


Let’s begin with a little review today.  We are currently studying the Ten Commandments that God gave to His people in Exodus 20:1-17, which we said summarize God’s moral standards for humanity.  Jesus said that the point of these Ten Commandments, as well as the rest of the Law and the Prophets, is to call God’s people to love God and to love their neighbor (Matthew 22:40).  So far we have mainly seen what I’ll call God-ward commandments (those that call us to love God), but today we are going to begin looking at man-ward commandments (those that call us to love our neighbor).  That does not mean that commandments five through ten are not God-ward.  All of these commandments are God-ward because God is giving them!  However, the first four commandments are exclusively vertical, while the last six are also horizontal, dealing with how we treat others. 
This brings us to the fifth commandment (Exodus 20:12), where God commanded His people to honor their parents.  It is no accident that this is the first horizontal commandment that we have.  It’s placement shows us is that the home is the basic social and spiritual unit of any society.  Dysfunctional homes will result in a dysfunctional country and world.  Therefore, God’s people must take this commandment seriously to honor their parents (and others in authority as well) throughout their lives.  My prayer is that we would take this commandment so seriously that we are led to look to Jesus Christ as our model, substitute, and source of empowerment to honor those in authority. 
“Honor your father and your mother, that your days may be long in the land that the LORD your God is giving you.”  (Exodus 20:12 ESV)  As we have done with the other commandments, we want to examine what this commandment requires and why God says to obey it here. 

I.              The Meaning of the Fifth Commandment (20:12a)

a.     This Commandment is an Issue of Honor

We are to “HONOR” our father and our mother (20:12).  The Hebrew root for the word, “honor,” here literally means “heavy” or “weighty.”  In other words, honoring our parents means that we should give them their due weight throughout all of our life in appropriate ways.  Our parent’s positions, reputation, counsel, commands, expectations, etc. should carry a great deal of weight with us.  At a very basic level, it means that we should obey them (we should do our chores, keep our curfews, etc.), but it also means that more than mere obedience, because we can obey in ways that are not honorable.  Honoring our parents also means showing them respect and seeking not to dishonor them in any way with our words or with our actions. 
Also, this command spans all of our lives: it’s not just for children (note that the word “children” is not found in the command).  We are still to honor our parents as grown ups, especially by providing for them later in life.  Both Jesus and Paul made this application: [1] Then Pharisees and scribes came to Jesus from Jerusalem and said, [2] “Why do your disciples break the tradition of the elders? For they do not wash their hands when they eat.” [3] He answered them, “And why do you break the commandment of God for the sake of your tradition? [4] For God commanded, ‘Honor your father and your mother,’ and, ‘Whoever reviles father or mother must surely die.’ [5] But you say, ‘If anyone tells his father or his mother, “What you would have gained from me is given to God,” [6] he need not honor his father.’ So for the sake of your tradition you have made void the word of God. [7] You hypocrites! Well did Isaiah prophesy of you, when he said: [8] “‘This people honors me with their lips, but their heart is far from me; [9] in vain do they worship me, teaching as doctrines the commandments of men.’” (Matthew 15:1-9 ESV)  The apostle Paul also said that we should provide for widows in our family as they get older (1 Timothy 5:4,8) and that we are actually worse than an unbeliever if we don’t. 

b.    This Commandment is an Issue of Authority

All of us are creatures under authority.  Scripture teaches that all authority comes from God and is ordained by God (Romans 13:1-2; 1 Peter 2:13).  If we do not learn how to submit to authority, we cannot be happy, healthy creatures in God’s world.  The home is the first place we learn to live as creatures under authority.
Let me point out two things about the fact that all authority comes from God and is ordained by Him.  This first means that submission to any horizontal authority is ultimately a vertical issue.  Honoring mother and father is ultimately a matter of honoring God (Colossians 3:20).  We should honor our parents because we want to honor and obey God, not because our parents are always honorable.  Sometimes it is hard to honor our parents, not just because we are sinners, but because they are too!  The answer to questions 104 in the Heidelberg Catechism says that the fifth commandment requires “that I show honor, love, and faithfulness to my father and mother and to all those who are set in authority over me; that I submit myself with respectful obedience to all their careful instruction and discipline; and that I also bear patiently their failures, since it is God’s will to govern us by their hand.”[1] Remember that you are always ultimately honoring your Heavenly Father in honoring your earthly father and mother. 
The second thing all authority coming from God teaches us is that God’s authority is always ultimate.  This is important to understand because there may be times where honoring your parent’s wishes is not possible.  If your parents tell you to disobey God, then you are no longer obligated to obey them.  Also, honoring your parents does not mean that you subject yourself to physical abuse (in such a situation, you must honor your Heavenly Father and uphold the sanctity of life).  Also, sometimes following Jesus will cause tension between children and parents who are not Christians and parents who are phony Christians.  Whether you are someone without godly parents or whether you are someone without parents at all, let the words of Psalm 27:10 be an encouragement to you if you are a Christian: “For my father and my mother have forsaken me, but the LORD will take me in.”

c.     This Commandment is an Issue of Love

This commandment is not only an issue of honor and authority; it is also an issue of love.  Remember that the point of the Ten Commandments is call God’s people to love God with all their heart, soul, mind, and strength and to love their neighbor as their selves.  Maybe you’ve never thought about this, but loving your neighbor starts at home!  Actually, if you can’t love your parents, how are you going to love your neighbor?  This is why Augustine said, “If anyone fails to honor his parents, is there anyone he will spare?”  If you really want to love your parents, honor them and be a joy to them.  Proverbs 10:1 says, “A wise sons makes a glad father, but a foolish son is a sorrow to his mother.”  Or consider the words of Proverbs 23:22-25: [22] Listen to your father who gave you life, and do not despise your mother when she is old.  [23] Buy truth, and do not sell it; but wisdom, instruction, and understanding. [24] The father of the righteous will greatly rejoice; he who fathers a wise son will be glad in him. [25] Let your father and mother be glad; let her who bore you rejoice.”  Listen to what the apostle John said in 3 John 4: I have no greater joy than to hear that my children are walking in the truth.  Love your parents and be joy to them by honoring and obeying them!

II.            The Promise of the Fifth Commandment (20:12b)

a.     This Commandment Promises Blessing to Those Who Obey

God says the reason people should honor their parents is so “THAT your days may be long in the land that the LORD your God is giving you” (12b).  Deuteronomy’s version of the Ten Commandments in Deuteronomy 5:16 adds, “that it may go well with you.”  This is Old Testament language for an abundant life, a life of blessing in the land.  The point is that those who honor their parents will have an abundant and blessed life.  That doesn’t mean that God will never take someone home early who has honored their mother and father, but I think it does mean that they will experience a long and abundant life either in this life or the next.  Paul actually reaffirms this promise in Ephesians 6:1-4: [1] Children, obey your parents in the Lord, for this is right. [2] “Honor your father and mother” (this is the first commandment with a promise), [3] “that it may go well with you and that you may live long in the land.” [4] Fathers, do not provoke your children to anger, but bring them up in the discipline and instruction of the Lord.  I could show you this in the Old Testament too, but I want to you notice that this commandment assumes that the parents being honored will teach their children about the Lord.  That’s why I can say that this is a promise of eternally long life to those who honor their parents.  I don’t mean that we get to heaven by honoring our parents.  What I mean is that honoring parents as they teach us about God and Jesus’ work on the cross for our salvation will lead to eternal life as we learn to trust Christ ourselves.  So this is not just a promise of temporally long life in the land, but of eternally long life in heaven!

b.    This Commandment Promises Cursing to Those Who Disobey

This promise is also a veiled threat.  In other words, if one does not honor their parents, they will NOT live long in the land, and things will NOT go well with them.  Did you know that there were some pretty serious consequences to breaking this command in the Old Testament?  Deuteronomy 21:18-21: [18] “If a man has a stubborn and rebellious son who will not obey the voice of his father or the voice of his mother, and, though they discipline him, will not listen to them, [19] then his father and his mother shall take hold of him and bring him out to the elders of his city at the gate of the place where he lives, [20] and they shall say to the elders of his city, ‘This our son is stubborn and rebellious; he will not obey our voice; he is a glutton and a drunkard.’ [21] Then all the men of the city shall stone him to death with stones. So you shall purge the evil from your midst, and all Israel shall hear, and fear.  I hope you see that it is a big deal to God for you to dishonor and disobey your parents.  In two lists of wicked behavior in the New Testament, we find people who are “disobedient to their parents” (Romans 1:30; 2 Timothy 3:2).  The point is that this is how people who don’t know God live.
Let’s close with a few introspective questions today: Does our relationship with our parents bring glory to God?  Do you talk back to your parents?  Do you speak well of them to your friends?  Are you hiding anything from them?  Do you ever silently curse them?  Are you giving them the care they need?  Do you really want to love them and bring them joy? 
Also, this sermon would not be fitting without a closing word to parents.  Your children are commanded to honor you at all times, so BE HONORABLE.  Again, the big idea in this command is that the parents being honored and obeyed are instructing their children about God (Deuteronomy 6).  That’s one of the biggest reasons they are supposed to listen to you: because you are supposed to be showing them God and the way to eternal life!
I want you to know that there is good news for those of us who have failed to honor our parents as we should, and there is good news for those of us who have failed to be the kinds of parents that we should be.  The gospel of Jesus Christ is the good news that Jesus, the perfect child, is our model, our substitute, and our source of empowerment in honoring our parents.  “When Jesus died on the cross, he paid the penalty for our breaking the fifth commandment as much as for any other sin.  But Jesus has done more than that: He has also kept the fifth commandment in our behalf.  It was not enough for Jesus to pay the price for our sin; he also had to offer God the obedience that his law demands.  And Jesus did that.  He honored his parents.  The Bible says explicitly that Jesus ‘went down with them and came to Nazareth and was submissive to them’ (Luke 2:51a).  The only times their relationship was strained were when Jesus stayed behind at the temple in Jerusalem (Luke 2:41-50) and when he kept preaching instead of stopping to visit with his family (Luke 8:19-21), but even then he kept the fifth commandment by honoring his higher commitment to his Father in heaven.  And Jesus honored his earthly parents right to the very end of his life.  He was not able personally to care for his mother in her old age, but he provided for her in his dying moments by asking his friend John to be like a son to her (John 19:26-27). 
From the manger to the cross, Jesus was an obedient son who brought honor to his earthly parents and his heavenly Father.  In respecting his parents’ authority he is more than our example: He is the perfect child God demands that we should be.  Everyone who trusts in Jesus has offered perfect obedience to the fifth commandment, because when Jesus obeyed his parents, he was keeping God’s law on our behalf…One of the reasons he was the perfect Savior is because he was the perfect child.”[2] Will you look to Him today as your example, as your substitute, and as your grace to keep this command now?


[1] Quoted by Philip Ryken, Written in Stone, 124
[2] Philip Ryken, Written in Stone, 131-132

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