Tuesday, December 2, 2014

Exodus 20:4-6: The Second Commandment


Wouldn’t you be flattered if a stranger came up to you today and told you that he or she was a famous author that secretly admired you so much that they wanted to write their next book as a biography about you?  You’d probably be either flattered or terrified!  But then suppose you agree and to your surprise, when the book is published, you read about a person who moved to Japan at a young age and became a ninja who only wears pink and who loves cats and working out to Richard Simmons videos.  Then suppose that you asked the author why he or she portrayed you in such a fashion, and they simply replied, “Well, this is the way that I prefer to see you and to be honest you are much more interesting in my book than you are in reality.”  At this point, you would probably not be flattered anymore, but offended, and what’s more is that you would be right to be offended because not only has this author misrepresented you, he or she has also made it clear that they don’t like who you are.  What we are going to learn in the second commandment today is that God doesn’t take kindly to those who misrepresent Him either. 
In the second commandment, God commanded His people not to make or worship idols because He is a jealous God (Exodus 20:4-6).  Now we said last week that idolatry is a much deeper issue than simply bowing before a little statue made of stone, wood, or metal.  Idolatry is fashioning (with our hands or our minds) and worshipping anyone or anything before or beside the one true God.  When you understand that, this commandment becomes just as relevant today as it was in Moses’ day.  God still expects His people not to create or worship idols because He is a jealous God.  My prayer is that God would help us understand the seriousness of idolatry and look to Christ in order to repent of it. 
[20:4] “You shall not make for yourself a carved image, or any likeness of anything that is in heaven above, or that is in earth beneath, or that is in the water under the earth. [5] You shall not bow down to them or serve them, for I the LORD your God am a jealous God, visiting the iniquity of the fathers on the children to the third and the fourth generation of those who hate me, but showing steadfast love to thousands of those who love me and keep my commandments.”  (Exodus 20:4-6 ESV) So what does the second commandment require and why should we obey it?

I.              Understanding the Content of the Second Commandment (20:4-5a)

The second commandment is a prohibition against idolatry.  God says, “You shall not make for yourself a carved image” of anything in creation and “you shall not bow down to them or serve them” (4-5a).  “The word for “idol” in the expression (“do not make an idol for yourself”) is the Hebrew pesel, the most common term for idol in the Old Testament.”[1] So God’s people are not to make an idol or worship an idol of anything in God’s creation. 
Now you’re probably noticing that this second commandment is tightly connected to the first commandment to have no “other gods” before Yahweh.  There is a lot of overlap between the first two commandments (so much so that Catholics and Lutherans believe that this is still part of the first commandment)[2], but they are not specifically the same.  “The first commandment is about giving our allegiance to something or someone other than the true God.  The second commandment is about trying to turn the true God into something else.  It’s about trying to improve God by fashioning Him in our own image.”[3]  Whether this idol is an image of Yahweh (Exodus 32:1-4) or another “god,” it still misrepresents the one true God.  Any image of Yahweh reduces Him in some way; any image of another “god” breaks covenant with Yahweh.  Both of these instances arouse God’s jealousy and wrath.  Why is this the case?    
First, because idolatry seeks to REDUCE God the Creator to something created.  An idol can be God-made, in other words we can worship something God created, or man-made, when we fashion a god with our hands or our minds.  Remember that when we think thoughts about God that are not true, we are committing idolatry.  Idolatry turns the created order on its head and causes God made men to worship man made gods.  And any image of God, mental or material, reduces God in some way.  Listen to the way that Scripture describes idols: [2] Why should the nations say, “Where is their God?” [3] Our God is in the heavens; he does all that he pleases. [4] Their idols are silver and gold, the work of human hands. [5] They have mouths, but do not speak; eyes, but do not see. [6] They have ears, but do not hear; noses, but do not smell. [7] They have hands, but do not feel; feet, but do not walk; and they do not make a sound in their throat. [8] Those who make them become like them; so do all who trust in them. (Psalm 115:2-8 ESV) Idols are powerless to save (Is. 45:9-20) because they are not “gods” at all, they can’t hear, smell, walk, or talk (Deut. 4:28; Ps. 115:4-7; Hab. 2:18-19), and this is what we are reducing God to when we worship idols. Philip Ryken says, “An idol makes the infinite God finite, the invisible God visible, the omnipotent God impotent, the all present God local, the living God dead, and the spiritual God material.  In short, it makes Him the exact opposite of what He is.”[4]
The second reason that idolatry is so serious is because idolatry seeks to MANIPULATE God the Creator.  Why do people form idols with their hands and hearts?  It is because they want a god that they can mold into their own image.   It is because people want a god that makes them comfortable and that will give them what they want.  It is because they want a god who is manageable and can be manipulated.   This is why people would bow down to idols in ancient times.  There was always some desire to control or contain whatever they were worshipping as “god.”  Dr. Benjie Lloyd, our previous pastor, in his sermon on the second commandment, pointed out three ways in which we do this today.  First, as people who esteem independence, freedom, and liberty, we create a god who is not all-powerful or all knowing so that we can still be in control.  Second, as people abhor being told how to live in the realms of sexuality and ethics, we create a god of unqualified tolerance and love who would never be wrathful or judge anyone for their behavior.  Thirdly, because we value health, wealth and prosperity, we create a god who only wants to make all our dreams come true. 
The bottom line is that this commandment prohibits imagining God to be something other than and consequently less than what He is.  The God of the Bible is telling us here that He will not be reduced to something in creation.  He will not be contained.  He will not be domesticated.  He will not be controlled and He will not be manipulated.  He will only be worshipped AS HE IS.  The God of the Bible wants His people to know that He does not fit into any of our boxes.  He wants us to know and recognize that He cannot be fathomed or figured out and that the only way we can know anything about Him is if He reveals it to us!  We are utterly dependent upon Him to know anything about Him!  This is where true worship begins!
What we see in the Bible is that God has chosen to reveal Himself in His Word and that we are to respond to that word in faith.  [9] “Only take care, and keep your soul diligently, lest you forget the things that your eyes have seen, and lest they depart from your heart all the days of your life. Make them known to your children and your children's children—[10] how on the day that you stood before the LORD your God at Horeb, the LORD said to me, ‘Gather the people to me, that I may let them hear my words, so that they may learn to fear me all the days that they live on the earth, and that they may teach their children so.’ [11] And you came near and stood at the foot of the mountain, while the mountain burned with fire to the heart of heaven, wrapped in darkness, cloud, and gloom. [12] Then the LORD spoke to you out of the midst of the fire. You heard the sound of words, but saw no form; there was only a voice. [13] And he declared to you his covenant, which he commanded you to perform, that is, the Ten Commandments, and he wrote them on two tablets of stone. [14] And the LORD commanded me at that time to teach you statutes and rules, that you might do them in the land that you are going over to possess.
[15] “Therefore watch yourselves very carefully. Since you saw no form on the day that the LORD spoke to you at Horeb out of the midst of the fire, [16] beware lest you act corruptly by making a carved image for yourselves, in the form of any figure, the likeness of male or female, [17] the likeness of any animal that is on the earth, the likeness of any winged bird that flies in the air, [18] the likeness of anything that creeps on the ground, the likeness of any fish that is in the water under the earth. [19] And beware lest you raise your eyes to heaven, and when you see the sun and the moon and the stars, all the host of heaven, you be drawn away and bow down to them and serve them, things that the LORD your God has allotted to all the peoples under the whole heaven. [20] But the LORD has taken you and brought you out of the iron furnace, out of Egypt, to be a people of his own inheritance, as you are this day. [21] Furthermore, the LORD was angry with me because of you, and he swore that I should not cross the Jordan, and that I should not enter the good land that the LORD your God is giving you for an inheritance. [22] For I must die in this land; I must not go over the Jordan. But you shall go over and take possession of that good land. [23] Take care, lest you forget the covenant of the LORD your God, which he made with you, and make a carved image, the form of anything that the LORD your God has forbidden you. [24] For the LORD your God is a consuming fire, a jealous God. (Deuteronomy 4:9-24 ESV) God has chosen to reveal Himself as a God who is heard and believed rather than seen. 
Our application is simple: we must keep our selves from idols (1 John 5:21) and worship the one true God as He reveals Himself.  If we have a problem with who God has revealed Himself to be, that is our problem, not God’s.  We’re on dangerous ground when we ignore God’s revelation and refashion God into something that we are more comfortable with.  We must resist this temptation.  The measure of our worship must not be who we want God to be but who God is. 

II.            Understanding the Reason for the Second Commandment (20:5b-6)

Again, here there is a tight connection to the first commandment.  We saw in the first commandment how God’s relationship to His people (via creation and covenant, i.e. WHO He was and WHAT He had done for them) established His right to make these demands.  The reason given here is basically the same but is stated differently: it is “the LORD” their “God” is “a jealous God” (5b).
Once you understand God’s relationship to His people, you see that it is actually very fitting and right for God to be “jealous,” just as it is very fitting and right for a husband to feel “jealous” if another man is flirting with and trying to woo his wife.  “Just as a husband refuses to share his wife with another man, God refuses to share His people with another god. This act of unfaithfulness on the part of God’s people is as repugnant as adultery. The relationship between a husband and wife is the principal image used by the prophets for the explication of idolatry.”[5]  We tend to define jealousy in negative terms, but jealously is not always negative.  There is good and bad jealousy.  Jealousy is bad when I envy and desire something that belongs to you, but it can be good and fitting is when I love and desire to keep something that belongs to me.
God’s jealousy is His passionate zeal to keep covenant with His bride (His people).  It causes Him to react to both breaking and keeping covenant.  Notice how this functions as both a blessing and a curse in this passage.  This promise of cursing and blessing shows us just how seriously God takes idolatry.  God’s jealousy will express itself by “visiting the iniquity (idolatry is the iniquity spoken of in this context) of the fathers on the children to the third and the fourth generation of those who hate” God and by “showing steadfast love (HESED) to thousands (of generations) of those who love” Him and “keep” His commandments.  Notice first that God calls idolatry hatred of Himself and also that God is not just punishing children for their parent’s sins: these future generations hate God too.  This means that though others are not responsible for our sins (Ezekiel 18:19-32), our sins do affect them.  This is especially true for our family members.  One of the affects of our idolatry may be our children learning o worship the same idols that we do.  Arthur Pink says, “It is a terrible thing to pass on to children a false conception of God, either by precept or by example.”[6]
“What is God doing in your family?  As parents plan for the future they should be more concerned about the second commandment than they are about their financial portfolio.  This commandment contains a solemn warning for fathers.  When a man refuses to love God passionately and to worship God properly, the consequences of his sin will last for generations.  The guilt of a man who treasures idols in his heart will corrupt his entire family, and in the end they will all be punished.  But a man who loves God supremely – a man who bows before him in genuine worship and serves him with true praise – will see the blessing of God rest on his household forever.  What kind of life are you leading?  What kind of worship are you giving?  What kind of legacy will you leave?”[7]  Men, we must break the cycle of our idolatry for the glory of God and for the sake of future generations of those we love. 
But notice also the contrast with those who love God and keep His commandments: they pass on a godly heritage, not just to the third and fourth generation, but for thousands of generations!  This shows us just how much God prefers to show mercy than wrath and teaches us that God’s jealousy is ultimately His zeal for not only His own glory but also His zeal for His people’s own good! 
Brothers and sisters, rather than mold God into our own image, we desperately need God to mold us into His image.  The Bible teaches us that when God wanted to create something in His own image, He created us.  However, we rebelled against our Creator and became sinners who have fallen from God’s image.  Though we do bear a remnant of His image, that image has been corrupted and distorted and we are powerless to change that.  But there is good news.  God would not leave us broken.  To fix us, God sent His Son Jesus.  This is the ultimate way that God has chosen to reveal Himself: through His Son Jesus Christ.  According to Colossians 1:15, Jesus Christ is “the image of the invisible God.”  Hebrews 1:3 says that Jesus is God’s finest word and calls Him, “the radiance of the glory of God and the exact imprint of his nature.”  It was this Jesus, the God-man, who would live our perfection for us and die a horrible death on the cross to pay for all of our idolatry.  Now He is risen from the dead and offers Himself to all who will repent and believe in Him.  This is how you can begin to be who you were made to be.  This is how you can stop remaking God into your own image, and start being molded into His image.  You must look to Jesus for salvation from idolatry.    


[1] Rooker, Mark (2010-04-29). The Ten Commandments (New American Commentary Studies in Bible and Theology) (Kindle Locations 1077-1078). B&H Publishing. Kindle Edition.
[2] Philip Ryken, Written in Stone, 72
[3] J.D. Grear, The Gospel Project for Students: God’s Way, 34
[4] Philip Ryken, Written in Stone, 80
[5] J.D. Grear, The Gospel Project for Students: God’s Way, 34
[6] Arthur Pink, The Ten Commandments, 22
[7] Philip Ryken, Written in Stone, 77